include

Pronunciation: /ɪnˈkluːd/

Reading level: medium

Estimated CEFR level: A2 — Elementary

Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.

Definition

  1. verb have as a part, be made up out of
  2. verb consider as part of something
  3. verb add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category

Etymology

From Middle English includen, borrowed from Latin inclūdere (“to shut in, enclose, insert”), from in- (“in”) + claudere (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”). Doublet of enclose. Displaced native Old English belūcan (“to include,” also “to shut in”).

In classic literature

Semantic network

Narrower (hyponyms)
embrace, inhere in, incorporate, involve, hold, subsume
Opposite (antonyms)
exclude

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