fraud

Pronunciation: /fɹɔːd/

Reading level: hard

Estimated CEFR level: B2 — Upper-Intermediate

Estimated from word frequency; not an official CEFR classification.

Definition

  1. noun intentional deception resulting in injury to another person
  2. noun a person who makes deceitful pretenses
  3. noun something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage

Etymology

From Middle English fraude (recorded since 1345), from Old French fraude, a borrowing from Latin fraus (“deceit, injury, offence”).

In classic literature

Semantic network

Broader (hypernyms)
crime
Narrower (hyponyms)
intrinsic fraud, fraud in the factum, barratry, constructive fraud, swindle, fraud in the inducement

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